From c940b10fc2677fcaffaaebaf00eefc9028ada9db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 23:47:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] refactor(geom_path): separate drawing from coordinate
 transformation

Draw paths from data that is already in panel coordinates. Pass the constant-aesthetics decision explicitly so callers can draw a path without applying the coordinate transformation again.
---
 plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py | 53 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py b/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
index 7f0fa12b8..981a51b8c 100644
--- a/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
+++ b/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
@@ -154,17 +154,7 @@ def draw_group(
         params: dict[str, Any],
     ):
         data = coord.transform(data, panel_params, munch=True)
-        data["linewidth"] = data["size"] * SIZE_FACTOR
-
-        if "constant" in params:
-            constant: bool = params.pop("constant")
-        else:
-            constant = len(np.unique(data["group"].to_numpy())) == 1
-
-        if not constant:
-            _draw_segments(data, ax, params)
-        else:
-            _draw_lines(data, ax, params)
+        constant = stroke_paths(data, ax, params, params.get("constant"))
 
         if "arrow" in params and params["arrow"]:
             params["arrow"].draw(
@@ -451,6 +441,47 @@ def get_paths(
         return paths
 
 
+def stroke_paths(
+    data: pd.DataFrame,
+    ax: Axes,
+    params: dict[str, Any],
+    constant: bool | None = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """
+    Draw paths from panel-coordinate data
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    data :
+        Path data in panel coordinates. Must include a `size` column.
+    ax :
+        Axes on which to draw the paths.
+    params :
+        Geom and stat parameters used to style the paths.
+    constant :
+        Whether aesthetics remain constant along each path. If `False`,
+        draw each pair of adjacent points as a separate segment. If
+        `None`, infer `True` when the data contains one group.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    :
+        Whether the paths were drawn with constant aesthetics. Callers
+        use this value to draw matching arrowheads.
+    """
+    data["linewidth"] = data["size"] * SIZE_FACTOR
+
+    if constant is None:
+        constant = len(np.unique(data["group"].to_numpy())) == 1
+
+    if constant:
+        _draw_lines(data, ax, params)
+    else:
+        _draw_segments(data, ax, params)
+
+    return constant
+
+
 def _draw_segments(data: pd.DataFrame, ax: Axes, params: dict[str, Any]):
     """
     Draw independent line segments between all the

From febb6c5b5b68d603a03a46d39c968d9e5cc64887 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 23:51:48 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] fix(geom_ribbon): avoid transforming outlines twice

Ribbon data is already in panel coordinates when its upper and lower outlines are drawn. Draw those outlines directly so non-linear coordinate systems keep each line on the corresponding edge of the ribbon.
---
 plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py | 31 ++++++++++---------------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
index 0d305b852..530f80803 100644
--- a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
+++ b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 from ..doctools import document
 from ..exceptions import PlotnineError
 from .geom import geom
-from .geom_path import geom_path
+from .geom_path import stroke_paths
 from .geom_polygon import geom_polygon
 
 if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -154,12 +154,11 @@ def draw_unit(
 
         # Alpha does not affect the outlines
         data["alpha"] = 1
-        geom_ribbon._draw_outline(data, panel_params, coord, ax, params)
+        geom_ribbon._draw_outline(data, coord, ax, params)
 
     @staticmethod
     def _draw_outline(
         data: pd.DataFrame,
-        panel_params: panel_view,
         coord: coord,
         ax: Axes,
         params: dict[str, Any],
@@ -169,25 +168,15 @@ def _draw_outline(
         if outline_type == "full":
             return
 
-        x, y = "x", "y"
-        if isinstance(coord, coord_flip):
-            x, y = y, x
-            data[x], data[y] = data[y], data[x]
+        # The data is already in panel coordinates. After `coord_flip`,
+        # the ribbon bounds are `xmin` and `xmax`.
+        bounds = "x" if isinstance(coord, coord_flip) else "y"
 
+        # The outline uses one colour, size, and linetype throughout.
         if outline_type in ("lower", "both"):
-            geom_path.draw_group(
-                data.assign(y=data[f"{y}min"]),
-                panel_params,
-                coord,
-                ax,
-                params,
-            )
+            lower = data.assign(**{bounds: data[f"{bounds}min"]})
+            stroke_paths(lower, ax, params, constant=True)
 
         if outline_type in ("upper", "both"):
-            geom_path.draw_group(
-                data.assign(y=data[f"{y}max"]),
-                panel_params,
-                coord,
-                ax,
-                params,
-            )
+            upper = data.assign(**{bounds: data[f"{bounds}max"]})
+            stroke_paths(upper, ax, params, constant=True)

From 80e71587852fdce69a50bcead462177fff417866 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:03:13 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] fix(geom_ribbon): supply positions for every outline type

Coordinate munching requires both `x` and `y`. Derive either missing position from the corresponding upper bound even when `outline_type="full"`, so ribbons with full outlines render under non-linear coordinates.
---
 plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py | 11 +++++------
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
index 530f80803..e89633118 100644
--- a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
+++ b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
@@ -75,12 +75,11 @@ def handle_na(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
         return data
 
     def setup_data(self, data: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
-        # The outlines need x and y coordinates
-        if self.params["outline_type"] in ("upper", "lower", "both"):
-            if "xmax" in data and "x" not in data:
-                data["x"] = data["xmax"]
-            if "ymax" in data and "y" not in data:
-                data["y"] = data["ymax"]
+        # Coordinate munching requires `x` and `y` for every outline type.
+        if "xmax" in data and "x" not in data:
+            data["x"] = data["xmax"]
+        if "ymax" in data and "y" not in data:
+            data["y"] = data["ymax"]
         return data
 
     @staticmethod

From 8eef4637b5fe74921e2f6fdfeb2abe53ce384313 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:12:51 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] docs(geoms): clarify path and ribbon drawing

Document that path drawing stores the computed line width on its input so arrowheads use the same width. Explain that each ribbon outline is one path because each draw receives one ribbon group.
---
 plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py   | 2 ++
 plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py | 3 ++-
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py b/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
index 981a51b8c..42bf268f7 100644
--- a/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
+++ b/plotnine/geoms/geom_path.py
@@ -454,6 +454,8 @@ def stroke_paths(
     ----------
     data :
         Path data in panel coordinates. Must include a `size` column.
+        The function adds a `linewidth` column in place so subsequent
+        arrowheads use the same width.
     ax :
         Axes on which to draw the paths.
     params :
diff --git a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
index e89633118..0469e038b 100644
--- a/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
+++ b/plotnine/geoms/geom_ribbon.py
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@ def _draw_outline(
         # the ribbon bounds are `xmin` and `xmax`.
         bounds = "x" if isinstance(coord, coord_flip) else "y"
 
-        # The outline uses one colour, size, and linetype throughout.
+        # Each call receives one ribbon group, so an outline forms one path
+        # with constant aesthetics.
         if outline_type in ("lower", "both"):
             lower = data.assign(**{bounds: data[f"{bounds}min"]})
             stroke_paths(lower, ax, params, constant=True)

From 65542ca27b981d7f02de533c8915a9e6e33d3a7c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2026 00:17:38 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] test(geom_ribbon): cover outlines under transformed
 coordinates

Render all four outline types with a square-root y transformation. The baseline verifies that each outline follows the corresponding ribbon edge after the coordinate transformation.
---
 .../ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans.png         | Bin 0 -> 17836 bytes
 tests/test_geom_ribbon_area.py                  |   6 ++++++
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 tests/baseline_images/test_geom_ribbon_area/ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans.png

diff --git a/tests/baseline_images/test_geom_ribbon_area/ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans.png b/tests/baseline_images/test_geom_ribbon_area/ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47c54b818e967c3af2e08136323708bfecc5ad4e
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literal 0
HcmV?d00001

diff --git a/tests/test_geom_ribbon_area.py b/tests/test_geom_ribbon_area.py
index f22a1ca24..5af00b14d 100644
--- a/tests/test_geom_ribbon_area.py
+++ b/tests/test_geom_ribbon_area.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     aes,
     after_stat,
     coord_flip,
+    coord_trans,
     facet_wrap,
     geom_area,
     geom_line,
@@ -159,3 +160,8 @@ def test_ribbon_outline_type(self):
 
     def test_ribbon_outline_type_coord_flip(self):
         assert self.p + coord_flip() == "ribbon_outline_type_coord_flip"
+
+    def test_ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans(self):
+        assert (
+            self.p + coord_trans(y="sqrt") == "ribbon_outline_type_coord_trans"
+        )

From c2592f6663411e59d1c23d90a2501c4514b4583d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Hassan Kibirige <has2k1@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 2026 01:04:59 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] docs(changelog): document transformed ribbon outlines

Record that ribbon and area outlines now follow their transformed boundaries for every outline type.
---
 doc/changelog.qmd | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/doc/changelog.qmd b/doc/changelog.qmd
index 7d4e65785..2e70d2759 100644
--- a/doc/changelog.qmd
+++ b/doc/changelog.qmd
@@ -134,6 +134,11 @@ title: Changelog
   value of the point its segment started from, so the band was drawn as a
   staircase.
 
+- [](:class:`~plotnine.geom_ribbon`) and [](:class:`~plotnine.geom_area`) now
+  draw every outline type correctly in non-linear coordinate systems. The
+  `upper`, `lower` and `both` outlines follow the transformed band edges, and
+  `full` outlines no longer raise an error.
+
 - The space between facet panels now accounts for the margins of the axis
   text, so with free scales large margins no longer push the tick labels
   into the neighbouring panel.