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reprojecting xarray dataset: TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars #848

Description

@Timothy-W-Hilton

I'm trying to reproject ERA5 data from lon/lat (EPSG:4326) to New Zealand Transverse Mercator (EPSG:2193). I'm getting "TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars" from reproject. As far as I can tell my usage and data are quite analogous to this example in the documentation.

Code Sample, a copy-pastable example if possible

A "Minimal, Complete and Verifiable Example" will make it much easier for maintainers to help you:
http://matthewrocklin.com/blog/work/2018/02/28/minimal-bug-reports

In [4]: data_out
Out[4]: 
<xarray.DataArray (time: 2, y: 2400, x: 2400)> Size: 92MB
array([[[      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        ...,
        [3102745.32245305, 3099395.65992008, 3096046.04169629, ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [3097108.93459378, 3093759.06215556, 3090409.23388688, ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [3091471.03450028, 3088120.95185706, 3084770.91324366, ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ]],

       [[      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [      0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        ...,
        [3281400.8388549 , 3278053.05613346, 3274705.25451338, ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [3274617.22569414, 3271274.50480555, 3267931.76674866, ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ],
        [3267852.4005159 , 3264514.74535506, 3261177.0747575 , ...,
               0.        ,       0.        ,       0.        ]]])
Coordinates:
  * time         (time) datetime64[ns] 16B 2022-01-01 2022-01-01T01:00:00
    x            (y, x) float64 46MB 150.1 150.1 150.1 ... -177.3 -177.3 -177.3
    y            (y, x) float64 46MB -30.0 -30.0 -30.0 ... -40.0 -40.0 -40.0
    spatial_ref  int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    regrid_method:  bilinear

In [5]: data_out.spatial_ref
Out[5]: 
<xarray.DataArray 'spatial_ref' ()> Size: 8B
array(0)
Coordinates:
    spatial_ref  int64 8B 0
Attributes:
    crs_wkt:                      GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["...
    semi_major_axis:              6378137.0
    semi_minor_axis:              6356752.314245179
    inverse_flattening:           298.257223563
    reference_ellipsoid_name:     WGS 84
    longitude_of_prime_meridian:  0.0
    prime_meridian_name:          Greenwich
    geographic_crs_name:          WGS 84
    horizontal_datum_name:        World Geodetic System 1984
    grid_mapping_name:            latitude_longitude
    spatial_ref:                  GEOGCS["WGS 84",DATUM["WGS_1984",SPHEROID["...

In [6]: data_out_nztm = data_out.rio.reproject('EPGS:2193')                                                                                                         [20/4699]
---------------------------------------------------------------------------                                                                                                  
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[6], line 1
----> 1 data_out_nztm = data_out.rio.reproject('EPGS:2193')   
                                               
File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rioxarray/raster_array.py:468, in RasterArray.reproject(self, dst_crs, resolution, shape, transform, resampling, 
nodata, **kwargs)
    461     kwargs.setdefault("gcps", gcps)                                                                                                                                 
    463 use_affine = (                                                                                                                                                      
    464     "gcps" not in kwargs
    465     and "rpcs" not in kwargs              
    466     and "src_geoloc_array" not in kwargs    
    467 )                                        
--> 468 src_affine = None if not use_affine else self.transform(recalc=True)
    469 if transform is None:                                                                                                                                               
    470     dst_affine, dst_width, dst_height = _make_dst_affine(
    471         src_data_array=self._obj,
    472         src_crs=self.crs,
   (...)    476         **kwargs,                                 
    477     )
        
File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rioxarray/rioxarray.py:707, in XRasterBase.transform(self, recalc)
    704     return transform
    706 try:
--> 707     src_left, _, _, src_top = self._unordered_bounds(recalc=recalc)
    708     src_resolution_x, src_resolution_y = self.resolution(recalc=recalc)
    709 except (DimensionMissingCoordinateError, DimensionError):

File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rioxarray/rioxarray.py:1079, in XRasterBase._unordered_bounds(self, recalc)
   1062 def _unordered_bounds(
   1063     self, recalc: bool = False
   1064 ) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]:
   1065     """
   1066     Unordered bounds.
   1067
   (...)   1077         Outermost coordinates of the `xarray.DataArray` | `xarray.Dataset`.
   1078     """
-> 1079     resolution_x, resolution_y = self.resolution(recalc=recalc)
   1081     try:
   1082         # attempt to get bounds from xarray coordinate values
   1083         left, bottom, right, top = self._internal_bounds()
File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rioxarray/rioxarray.py:1046, in XRasterBase.resolution(self, recalc)
   1043 # if the coordinates of the spatial dimensions are missing
   1044 # use the cached transform resolution
   1045 try:
-> 1046     left, bottom, right, top = self._internal_bounds()
   1047 except DimensionMissingCoordinateError:
   1048     if transform is None:

File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/rioxarray/rioxarray.py:1009, in XRasterBase._internal_bounds(self)
   1007     raise DimensionMissingCoordinateError(f"{self.y_dim} missing coordinates.")
   1008 try:
-> 1009     left = float(self._obj[self.x_dim][0])
   1010     right = float(self._obj[self.x_dim][-1])
   1011     top = float(self._obj[self.y_dim][0])

File ~/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/lib/python3.12/site-packages/xarray/core/common.py:157, in AbstractArray.__float__(self)
    156 def __float__(self: Any) -> float:
--> 157     return float(self.values)

TypeError: only length-1 arrays can be converted to Python scalars

Problem description

The reprojection results in a TypeError exception.

Expected Output

I expected an xarray dataset in reprojected coordinates.

Environment Information

In [7]: rioxarray.show_versions()
rioxarray (0.18.2) deps:
  rasterio: 1.4.3
    xarray: 2025.1.2
      GDAL: 3.10.2
      GEOS: 3.13.0
      PROJ: 9.5.1
 PROJ DATA: /home/timh/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/share/proj
 GDAL DATA: /home/timh/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/share/gdal

Other python deps:
     scipy: 1.15.2
    pyproj: 3.7.1

System:
    python: 3.12.9 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, Mar  4 2025, 22:48:41) [GCC 13.3.0]
executable: /home/timh/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3/bin/python3.12
   machine: Linux-4.18.0-553.8.1.el8_10.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.28

Installation method

  • installed by conda

Conda environment information (if you installed with conda):


Details Environment (conda list):
# packages in environment at /home/timh/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3:
#
# Name                    Version                   Build  Channel
_libgcc_mutex             0.1                 conda_forge    conda-forge
_openmp_mutex             4.5                       2_gnu    conda-forge
affine                    2.4.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
aiobotocore               2.21.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
aiohappyeyeballs          2.4.8              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
aiohttp                   3.11.13         py312h178313f_0    conda-forge
aioitertools              0.12.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
aiosignal                 1.3.2              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
alabaster                 1.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
alsa-lib                  1.2.13               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
anyio                     4.8.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
aom                       3.9.1                hac33072_0    conda-forge
archspec                  0.2.5              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
argon2-cffi               23.1.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
argon2-cffi-bindings      21.2.0          py312h66e93f0_5    conda-forge
arrow                     1.3.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
astroid                   3.3.8           py312h7900ff3_0    conda-forge
astropy                   7.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
astropy-base              7.0.1           py312hb8e8fe3_0    conda-forge
astropy-iers-data         0.2025.3.3.0.34.45    pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
asttokens                 3.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
async-lru                 2.0.4              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
attr                      2.5.1                h166bdaf_1    conda-forge
attrs                     25.1.0             pyh71513ae_0    conda-forge
aws-c-auth                0.8.1                h205f482_0    conda-forge
aws-c-cal                 0.8.1                h1a47875_3    conda-forge
aws-c-common              0.10.6               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
aws-c-compression         0.3.0                h4e1184b_5    conda-forge
aws-c-event-stream        0.5.0               h7959bf6_11    conda-forge
aws-c-http                0.9.2                hefd7a92_4    conda-forge
aws-c-io                  0.15.3               h173a860_6    conda-forge
aws-c-mqtt                0.11.0              h11f4f37_12    conda-forge
aws-c-s3                  0.7.9                he1b24dc_1    conda-forge
aws-c-sdkutils            0.2.2                h4e1184b_0    conda-forge
aws-checksums             0.2.2                h4e1184b_4    conda-forge
aws-crt-cpp               0.29.9               he0e7f3f_2    conda-forge
aws-sdk-cpp               1.11.489             h4d475cb_0    conda-forge
azure-core-cpp            1.14.0               h5cfcd09_0    conda-forge
azure-identity-cpp        1.10.0               h113e628_0    conda-forge
azure-storage-blobs-cpp   12.13.0              h3cf044e_1    conda-forge
azure-storage-common-cpp  12.8.0               h736e048_1    conda-forge
azure-storage-files-datalake-cpp 12.12.0              ha633028_1    conda-forge
babel                     2.17.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
beautifulsoup4            4.13.3             pyha770c72_0    conda-forge
black                     25.1.0          py312h7900ff3_0    conda-forge
bleach                    6.2.0              pyh29332c3_4    conda-forge
blosc                     1.21.6               he440d0b_1    conda-forge
bokeh                     3.6.3              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
boltons                   24.0.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
botocore                  1.37.1          pyge310_1234567_0    conda-forge
bottleneck                1.4.2           py312hc0a28a1_0    conda-forge
bqplot                    0.12.43            pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
branca                    0.8.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
brotli                    1.1.0                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
brotli-bin                1.1.0                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
brotli-python             1.1.0           py312h2ec8cdc_2    conda-forge
bzip2                     1.0.8                h4bc722e_7    conda-forge
c-ares                    1.34.4               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
ca-certificates           2025.1.31            hbcca054_0    conda-forge
cached-property           1.5.2                hd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
cached_property           1.5.2              pyha770c72_1    conda-forge
cachetools                5.5.2              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
cairo                     1.18.2               h3394656_1    conda-forge
cartopy                   0.24.0          py312hf9745cd_0    conda-forge
certifi                   2025.1.31          pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
cf_xarray                 0.10.0             pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
cffi                      1.17.1          py312h06ac9bb_0    conda-forge
cftime                    1.6.4           py312hc0a28a1_1    conda-forge
chardet                   5.2.0           py312h7900ff3_2    conda-forge
charset-normalizer        3.4.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
click                     8.1.8              pyh707e725_0    conda-forge
click-plugins             1.1.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
cligj                     0.7.2              pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
cloudpickle               3.1.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
colorama                  0.4.6              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
colorcet                  3.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
comm                      0.2.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
conda                     25.1.1          py312h7900ff3_1    conda-forge
conda-build               25.1.2          py312h7900ff3_3    conda-forge
conda-index               0.5.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
conda-libmamba-solver     25.1.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
conda-package-handling    2.4.0              pyh7900ff3_2    conda-forge
conda-package-streaming   0.11.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
contourpy                 1.3.1           py312h68727a3_0    conda-forge
cpp-expected              1.1.0                hf52228f_0    conda-forge
cycler                    0.12.1             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
cyrus-sasl                2.1.27               h54b06d7_7    conda-forge
cytoolz                   1.0.1           py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
dask                      2025.2.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
dask-core                 2025.2.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
datashader                0.17.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
dav1d                     1.2.1                hd590300_0    conda-forge
dbus                      1.13.6               h5008d03_3    conda-forge
debugpy                   1.8.13          py312h2ec8cdc_0    conda-forge
decorator                 5.2.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
defusedxml                0.7.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
dill                      0.3.9              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
distlib                   0.3.9              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
distributed               2025.2.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
distro                    1.9.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
docutils                  0.21.2             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
double-conversion         3.3.1                h5888daf_0    conda-forge
eccodes                   2.40.0               h8bb6dbc_0    conda-forge
entrypoints               0.4                pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
esmf                      8.8.0           mpi_mpich_h7cf99a1_100    conda-forge
esmpy                     8.8.0              pyhecae5ae_0    conda-forge
exceptiongroup            1.2.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
executing                 2.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
expat                     2.6.4                h5888daf_0    conda-forge
fancycompleter            0.9.1           py312h7900ff3_1007    conda-forge
filelock                  3.17.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
fiona                     1.10.1          py312h02b19dd_3    conda-forge
fmt                       11.0.2               h434a139_0    conda-forge
folium                    0.19.5             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
font-ttf-dejavu-sans-mono 2.37                 hab24e00_0    conda-forge
font-ttf-inconsolata      3.000                h77eed37_0    conda-forge
font-ttf-source-code-pro  2.038                h77eed37_0    conda-forge
font-ttf-ubuntu           0.83                 h77eed37_3    conda-forge
fontconfig                2.15.0               h7e30c49_1    conda-forge
fonts-conda-ecosystem     1                             0    conda-forge
fonts-conda-forge         1                             0    conda-forge
fonttools                 4.56.0          py312h178313f_0    conda-forge
fqdn                      1.5.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
freeglut                  3.2.2                ha6d2627_3    conda-forge
freetype                  2.12.1               h267a509_2    conda-forge
freexl                    2.0.0                h9dce30a_2    conda-forge
frozendict                2.4.6           py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
frozenlist                1.5.0           py312h178313f_1    conda-forge
fsspec                    2025.2.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
gast                      0.4.0              pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
geopandas                 1.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_3    conda-forge
geopandas-base            1.0.1              pyha770c72_3    conda-forge
geos                      3.13.0               h5888daf_0    conda-forge
geotiff                   1.7.4                h3551947_0    conda-forge
geoviews                  1.14.0               hd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
geoviews-core             1.14.0             pyha770c72_0    conda-forge
gflags                    2.2.2             h5888daf_1005    conda-forge
giflib                    5.2.2                hd590300_0    conda-forge
gitdb                     4.0.12             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
gitpython                 3.1.44             pyhff2d567_0    conda-forge
gitsummary                0.2                pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
glog                      0.7.1                hbabe93e_0    conda-forge
graphite2                 1.3.13            h59595ed_1003    conda-forge
h11                       0.14.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
h2                        4.2.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
h3-py                     4.2.1           py312h2ec8cdc_1    conda-forge
h5py                      3.13.0          nompi_py312hedeef09_100    conda-forge
harfbuzz                  10.4.0               h76408a6_0    conda-forge
hdf4                      4.2.15               h2a13503_7    conda-forge
hdf5                      1.14.3          mpi_mpich_h7f58efa_9    conda-forge
holoviews                 1.20.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
hpack                     4.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
html5lib                  1.1                pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
httpcore                  1.0.7              pyh29332c3_1    conda-forge
httpx                     0.28.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
hvplot                    0.11.2             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
hyperframe                6.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
icu                       75.1                 he02047a_0    conda-forge
idna                      3.10               pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
imagesize                 1.4.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
importlib-metadata        8.6.1              pyha770c72_0    conda-forge
importlib_resources       6.5.2              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
iniconfig                 2.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
ipdb                      0.13.13            pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
ipydatagrid               1.4.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
ipykernel                 6.29.5             pyh3099207_0    conda-forge
ipython                   9.0.0              pyhfb0248b_1    conda-forge
ipython_pygments_lexers   1.1.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
ipywidgets                8.1.5              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
isoduration               20.11.0            pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
isort                     6.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
jasper                    4.2.4                h536e39c_0    conda-forge
jedi                      0.19.2             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jinja2                    3.1.5              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
jmespath                  1.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
joblib                    1.4.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jplephem                  2.21               pyh9b8db34_1    conda-forge
json-c                    0.18                 h6688a6e_0    conda-forge
json5                     0.10.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jsonpatch                 1.33               pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jsonpointer               3.0.0           py312h7900ff3_1    conda-forge
jsonschema                4.23.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jsonschema-specifications 2024.10.1          pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jsonschema-with-format-nongpl 4.23.0               hd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyter-lsp               2.2.5              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyter_client            8.6.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyter_console           6.6.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyter_core              5.7.2              pyh31011fe_1    conda-forge
jupyter_events            0.12.0             pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
jupyter_server            2.15.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
jupyter_server_terminals  0.5.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyterlab                4.3.5              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
jupyterlab_code_formatter 3.0.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyterlab_pygments       0.3.0              pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
jupyterlab_server         2.27.3             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
jupyterlab_widgets        3.0.13             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
keyutils                  1.6.1                h166bdaf_0    conda-forge
kiwisolver                1.4.8           py312h84d6215_0    conda-forge
krb5                      1.21.3               h659f571_0    conda-forge
lcms2                     2.17                 h717163a_0    conda-forge
ld_impl_linux-64          2.43                 h712a8e2_4    conda-forge
lerc                      4.0.0                h27087fc_0    conda-forge
libabseil                 20240722.0      cxx17_hbbce691_4    conda-forge
libaec                    1.1.3                h59595ed_0    conda-forge
libarchive                3.7.7                h4585015_3    conda-forge
libarrow                  19.0.1           hfa2a6e7_0_cpu    conda-forge
libarrow-acero            19.0.1           hcb10f89_0_cpu    conda-forge
libarrow-dataset          19.0.1           hcb10f89_0_cpu    conda-forge
libarrow-substrait        19.0.1           h08228c5_0_cpu    conda-forge
libavif16                 1.2.0                hf3231e4_0    conda-forge
libblas                   3.9.0           31_h59b9bed_openblas    conda-forge
libbrotlicommon           1.1.0                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
libbrotlidec              1.1.0                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
libbrotlienc              1.1.0                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
libcap                    2.71                 h39aace5_0    conda-forge
libcblas                  3.9.0           31_he106b2a_openblas    conda-forge
libclang-cpp19.1          19.1.7          default_hb5137d0_1    conda-forge
libclang13                19.1.7          default_h9c6a7e4_1    conda-forge
libcrc32c                 1.1.2                h9c3ff4c_0    conda-forge
libcups                   2.3.3                h4637d8d_4    conda-forge
libcurl                   8.12.1               h332b0f4_0    conda-forge
libde265                  1.0.15               h00ab1b0_0    conda-forge
libdeflate                1.23                 h4ddbbb0_0    conda-forge
libdrm                    2.4.124              hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
libedit                   3.1.20250104    pl5321h7949ede_0    conda-forge
libegl                    1.7.0                ha4b6fd6_2    conda-forge
libev                     4.33                 hd590300_2    conda-forge
libevent                  2.1.12               hf998b51_1    conda-forge
libexpat                  2.6.4                h5888daf_0    conda-forge
libfabric                 2.0.0                ha770c72_1    conda-forge
libfabric1                2.0.0                h14e6f36_1    conda-forge
libffi                    3.4.6                h2dba641_0    conda-forge
libgcc                    14.2.0               h767d61c_2    conda-forge
libgcc-ng                 14.2.0               h69a702a_2    conda-forge
libgcrypt-lib             1.11.0               hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
libgdal-core              3.10.2               h3359108_0    conda-forge
libgfortran               14.2.0               h69a702a_2    conda-forge
libgfortran-ng            14.2.0               h69a702a_2    conda-forge
libgfortran5              14.2.0               hf1ad2bd_2    conda-forge
libgl                     1.7.0                ha4b6fd6_2    conda-forge
libglib                   2.82.2               h2ff4ddf_1    conda-forge
libglu                    9.0.3                h03adeef_0    conda-forge
libglvnd                  1.7.0                ha4b6fd6_2    conda-forge
libglx                    1.7.0                ha4b6fd6_2    conda-forge
libgomp                   14.2.0               h767d61c_2    conda-forge
libgoogle-cloud           2.35.0               h2b5623c_0    conda-forge
libgoogle-cloud-storage   2.35.0               h0121fbd_0    conda-forge
libgpg-error              1.51                 hbd13f7d_1    conda-forge
libgrpc                   1.67.1               h25350d4_2    conda-forge
libheif                   1.19.6          gpl_hc18d805_100    conda-forge
libhwloc                  2.11.2          default_h0d58e46_1001    conda-forge
libiconv                  1.18                 h4ce23a2_1    conda-forge
libjpeg-turbo             3.0.0                hd590300_1    conda-forge
libkml                    1.3.0             hf539b9f_1021    conda-forge
liblapack                 3.9.0           31_h7ac8fdf_openblas    conda-forge
liblief                   0.14.1               h5888daf_2    conda-forge
libllvm15                 15.0.7               ha7bfdaf_5    conda-forge
libllvm19                 19.1.7               ha7bfdaf_1    conda-forge
liblzma                   5.6.4                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
libmamba                  2.0.5                h49b8a8d_1    conda-forge
libmambapy                2.0.5           py312hbaee817_1    conda-forge
libnetcdf                 4.9.2           mpi_mpich_h761946e_14    conda-forge
libnghttp2                1.64.0               h161d5f1_0    conda-forge
libnl                     3.11.0               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
libnsl                    2.0.1                hd590300_0    conda-forge
libntlm                   1.8                  hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
libopenblas               0.3.29          pthreads_h94d23a6_0    conda-forge
libopengl                 1.7.0                ha4b6fd6_2    conda-forge
libopentelemetry-cpp      1.18.0               hfcad708_1    conda-forge
libopentelemetry-cpp-headers 1.18.0               ha770c72_1    conda-forge
libparquet                19.0.1           h081d1f1_0_cpu    conda-forge
libpciaccess              0.18                 hd590300_0    conda-forge
libpnetcdf                1.13.0          mpi_mpich_hdce4f7b_101    conda-forge
libpng                    1.6.47               h943b412_0    conda-forge
libpq                     17.4                 h27ae623_0    conda-forge
libprotobuf               5.28.3               h6128344_1    conda-forge
libre2-11                 2024.07.02           hbbce691_2    conda-forge
librttopo                 1.1.0               h97f6797_17    conda-forge
libsodium                 1.0.20               h4ab18f5_0    conda-forge
libsolv                   0.7.30               h3509ff9_0    conda-forge
libspatialite             5.1.0               h1b4f908_12    conda-forge
libsqlite                 3.49.1               hee588c1_1    conda-forge
libssh2                   1.11.1               hf672d98_0    conda-forge
libstdcxx                 14.2.0               h8f9b012_2    conda-forge
libstdcxx-ng              14.2.0               h4852527_2    conda-forge
libsystemd0               257.3                h3dc2cb9_0    conda-forge
libthrift                 0.21.0               h0e7cc3e_0    conda-forge
libtiff                   4.7.0                hd9ff511_3    conda-forge
libudev1                  257.3                h9a4d06a_0    conda-forge
libutf8proc               2.10.0               h4c51ac1_0    conda-forge
libuuid                   2.38.1               h0b41bf4_0    conda-forge
libuv                     1.50.0               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
libwebp-base              1.5.0                h851e524_0    conda-forge
libxcb                    1.17.0               h8a09558_0    conda-forge
libxcrypt                 4.4.36               hd590300_1    conda-forge
libxkbcommon              1.8.0                hc4a0caf_0    conda-forge
libxml2                   2.13.6               h8d12d68_0    conda-forge
libxslt                   1.1.39               h76b75d6_0    conda-forge
libzip                    1.11.2               h6991a6a_0    conda-forge
libzlib                   1.3.1                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
linkify-it-py             2.0.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
llvmlite                  0.44.0          py312h374181b_0    conda-forge
locket                    1.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
loguru                    0.7.2           py312h7900ff3_2    conda-forge
lxml                      5.3.1           py312he28fd5a_0    conda-forge
lz4                       4.3.3           py312hf0f0c11_2    conda-forge
lz4-c                     1.10.0               h5888daf_1    conda-forge
lzo                       2.10              hd590300_1001    conda-forge
m2r2                      0.3.3.post2        pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
mapclassify               2.8.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
markdown                  3.6                pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
markdown-it-py            3.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
markupsafe                3.0.2           py312h178313f_1    conda-forge
matplotlib                3.10.1          py312h7900ff3_0    conda-forge
matplotlib-base           3.10.1          py312hd3ec401_0    conda-forge
matplotlib-inline         0.1.7              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
mccabe                    0.7.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
mdit-py-plugins           0.4.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
mdurl                     0.1.2              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
menuinst                  2.2.0           py312h7900ff3_0    conda-forge
minizip                   4.0.7                h05a5f5f_3    conda-forge
mistune                   0.8.4           pyh1a96a4e_1006    conda-forge
more-itertools            10.6.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
mpi                       1.0.1                     mpich    conda-forge
mpich                     4.3.0              h1a8bee6_100    conda-forge
mpmath                    1.3.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
msgpack-python            1.1.0           py312h68727a3_0    conda-forge
multidict                 6.1.0           py312h178313f_2    conda-forge
multipledispatch          0.6.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
munkres                   1.1.4              pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
mypy                      1.15.0          py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
mypy_extensions           1.0.0              pyha770c72_1    conda-forge
mysql-common              9.0.1                h266115a_4    conda-forge
mysql-libs                9.0.1                he0572af_4    conda-forge
nbclient                  0.10.2             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
nbconvert-core            6.5.3              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
nbformat                  5.10.4             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
ncurses                   6.5                  h2d0b736_3    conda-forge
nest-asyncio              1.6.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
netcdf-fortran            4.6.1           mpi_mpich_h2e543cf_8    conda-forge
netcdf4                   1.7.2           nompi_py312h21d6d8e_101    conda-forge
networkx                  3.4.2              pyh267e887_2    conda-forge
nlohmann_json             3.11.3               he02047a_1    conda-forge
nodeenv                   1.9.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
nodejs                    22.12.0              hf235a45_0    conda-forge
notebook-shim             0.2.4              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
numba                     0.61.0          py312h2e6246c_1    conda-forge
numpy                     2.1.3           py312h58c1407_0    conda-forge
nzgeom                    0.1.6              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
openjpeg                  2.5.3                h5fbd93e_0    conda-forge
openldap                  2.6.9                he970967_0    conda-forge
openssl                   3.4.1                h7b32b05_0    conda-forge
orc                       2.0.3                h12ee42a_2    conda-forge
overrides                 7.7.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
packaging                 24.2               pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
pandas                    2.2.3           py312hf9745cd_1    conda-forge
pandocfilters             1.5.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
panel                     1.6.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
parallelio                2.6.3           mpi_mpich_h43d51f9_100    conda-forge
param                     2.2.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
parso                     0.8.4              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
partd                     1.4.2              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
patch                     2.7.6             h7f98852_1002    conda-forge
patchelf                  0.17.2               h58526e2_0    conda-forge
pathspec                  0.12.1             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
patsy                     1.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pcre2                     10.44                hba22ea6_2    conda-forge
pdbpp                     0.10.3             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pexpect                   4.9.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pickleshare               0.7.5           pyhd8ed1ab_1004    conda-forge
pillow                    11.1.0          py312h80c1187_0    conda-forge
pip                       25.0.1             pyh8b19718_0    conda-forge
pixman                    0.44.2               h29eaf8c_0    conda-forge
pkginfo                   1.12.1.2           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
pkgutil-resolve-name      1.3.10             pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
platformdirs              4.3.6              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pluggy                    1.5.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
proj                      9.5.1                h0054346_0    conda-forge
prometheus-cpp            1.3.0                ha5d0236_0    conda-forge
prometheus_client         0.21.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
prompt-toolkit            3.0.50             pyha770c72_0    conda-forge
prompt_toolkit            3.0.50               hd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
propcache                 0.2.1           py312h178313f_1    conda-forge
psutil                    7.0.0           py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
pthread-stubs             0.4               hb9d3cd8_1002    conda-forge
ptyprocess                0.7.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pure_eval                 0.2.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
py-lief                   0.14.1          py312h2ec8cdc_2    conda-forge
py2vega                   0.6.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
pyarrow                   19.0.1          py312h7900ff3_0    conda-forge
pyarrow-core              19.0.1          py312h01725c0_0_cpu    conda-forge
pybind11-abi              4                    hd8ed1ab_3    conda-forge
pycosat                   0.6.6           py312h66e93f0_2    conda-forge
pycparser                 2.22               pyh29332c3_1    conda-forge
pyct                      0.5.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pyerfa                    2.0.1.5         py312hc0a28a1_0    conda-forge
pygments                  2.19.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
pygrib                    2.1.6           py312he631bd4_1    conda-forge
pylint                    3.3.4              pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
pyogrio                   0.10.0          py312h02b19dd_1    conda-forge
pyparsing                 3.2.1              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
pyproj                    3.7.1           py312he630544_0    conda-forge
pyproject-api             1.9.0              pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
pyrepl                    0.9.0           py312h66e93f0_10    conda-forge
pyright                   1.1.396         py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
pyshp                     2.3.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pyside6                   6.8.2           py312h91f0f75_1    conda-forge
pysocks                   1.7.1              pyha55dd90_7    conda-forge
pytest                    8.3.5              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
python                    3.12.9          h9e4cc4f_1_cpython    conda-forge
python-dateutil           2.9.0.post0        pyhff2d567_1    conda-forge
python-fastjsonschema     2.21.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
python-json-logger        2.0.7              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
python-libarchive-c       5.1             py312h7900ff3_1    conda-forge
python-tzdata             2025.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
python_abi                3.12                    5_cp312    conda-forge
pytz                      2024.1             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
pyviz_comms               3.0.4              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
pyvprm                    3.0                       dev_0    <develop>
pyyaml                    6.0.2           py312h178313f_2    conda-forge
pyzmq                     26.2.1          py312hbf22597_0    conda-forge
qhull                     2020.2               h434a139_5    conda-forge
qt6-main                  6.8.2                h588cce1_0    conda-forge
rasterio                  1.4.3           py312h8cae83d_0    conda-forge
rav1e                     0.6.6                he8a937b_2    conda-forge
rdma-core                 56.0                 h5888daf_0    conda-forge
re2                       2024.07.02           h9925aae_2    conda-forge
readline                  8.2                  h8c095d6_2    conda-forge
referencing               0.36.2             pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
reproc                    14.2.5.post0         hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
reproc-cpp                14.2.5.post0         h5888daf_0    conda-forge
requests                  2.32.3             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
rfc3339-validator         0.1.4              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
rfc3986-validator         0.1.1              pyh9f0ad1d_0    conda-forge
rioxarray                 0.18.2             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
ripgrep                   14.1.1               h8fae777_0    conda-forge
roman-numerals-py         3.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
rpds-py                   0.23.1          py312h3b7be25_0    conda-forge
ruamel.yaml               0.18.10         py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
ruamel.yaml.clib          0.2.8           py312h66e93f0_1    conda-forge
s2n                       1.5.11               h072c03f_0    conda-forge
s3fs                      2025.2.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
scikit-learn              1.6.1           py312h7a48858_0    conda-forge
scipy                     1.15.2          py312ha707e6e_0    conda-forge
send2trash                1.8.3              pyh0d859eb_1    conda-forge
setuptools                75.8.2             pyhff2d567_0    conda-forge
shapely                   2.0.7           py312h391bc85_0    conda-forge
simdjson                  3.11.6               h84d6215_0    conda-forge
six                       1.17.0             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
smmap                     5.0.2              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
snappy                    1.2.1                h8bd8927_1    conda-forge
sniffio                   1.3.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
snowballstemmer           2.2.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
snuggs                    1.4.7              pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
sortedcontainers          2.4.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
soupsieve                 2.5                pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sparse                    0.15.5             pyh72ffeb9_0    conda-forge
spdlog                    1.15.1               hb29a8c4_0    conda-forge
sphinx                    8.2.3              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
sphinx-autodoc-typehints  3.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
sphinx_rtd_theme          3.0.1              pyha770c72_0    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-applehelp   2.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-devhelp     2.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-htmlhelp    2.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-jquery      4.1                pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-jsmath      1.0.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-qthelp      2.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sphinxcontrib-serializinghtml 1.1.10             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
sqlite                    3.49.1               h9eae976_1    conda-forge
stack_data                0.6.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
statsmodels               0.14.4          py312hc0a28a1_0    conda-forge
svt-av1                   3.0.0                h5888daf_0    conda-forge
tblib                     3.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
terminado                 0.18.1             pyh0d859eb_0    conda-forge
threadpoolctl             3.5.0              pyhc1e730c_0    conda-forge
timezonefinder            6.5.8           py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
tinycss2                  1.4.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
tk                        8.6.13          noxft_h4845f30_101    conda-forge
toml                      0.10.2             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
tomli                     2.2.1              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
tomlkit                   0.13.2             pyha770c72_1    conda-forge
toolz                     1.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
tornado                   6.4.2           py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
tox                       4.24.1             pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
tqdm                      4.67.1             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
traitlets                 5.14.3             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
traittypes                0.2.1              pyh9f0ad1d_2    conda-forge
truststore                0.10.1             pyh29332c3_0    conda-forge
types-python-dateutil     2.9.0.20241206     pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
typing-extensions         4.12.2               hd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
typing_extensions         4.12.2             pyha770c72_1    conda-forge
typing_utils              0.1.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
tzdata                    2025a                h78e105d_0    conda-forge
tzwhere                   3.0.3              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
uc-micro-py               1.0.3              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
ucx                       1.18.0               hfd9a62f_1    conda-forge
unicodedata2              16.0.0          py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
uri-template              1.3.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
uriparser                 0.9.8                hac33072_0    conda-forge
urllib3                   2.3.0              pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
uuid                      1.30                     pypi_0    pypi
virtualenv                20.29.2            pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
wayland                   1.23.1               h3e06ad9_0    conda-forge
wcwidth                   0.2.13             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
webcolors                 24.11.1            pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
webencodings              0.5.1              pyhd8ed1ab_3    conda-forge
websocket-client          1.8.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
wheel                     0.45.1             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
widgetsnbextension        4.0.13             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
wmctrl                    0.5                pyh707e725_2    conda-forge
wmctrl-cli                1.07                 h1357fb4_3    conda-forge
wrapt                     1.17.2          py312h66e93f0_0    conda-forge
x265                      3.5                  h924138e_3    conda-forge
xarray                    2025.1.2           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
xcb-util                  0.4.1                hb711507_2    conda-forge
xcb-util-cursor           0.1.5                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xcb-util-image            0.4.0                hb711507_2    conda-forge
xcb-util-keysyms          0.4.1                hb711507_0    conda-forge
xcb-util-renderutil       0.3.10               hb711507_0    conda-forge
xcb-util-wm               0.4.2                hb711507_0    conda-forge
xerces-c                  3.2.5                h988505b_2    conda-forge
xesmf                     0.8.8              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
xkeyboard-config          2.43                 hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libice               1.1.2                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libsm                1.2.5                he73a12e_0    conda-forge
xorg-libx11               1.8.11               h4f16b4b_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxau               1.0.12               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxcomposite        0.4.6                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
xorg-libxcursor           1.2.3                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxdamage           1.1.6                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxdmcp             1.1.5                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxext              1.3.6                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxfixes            6.0.1                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxi                1.8.2                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxmu               1.2.1                hb9d3cd8_1    conda-forge
xorg-libxrandr            1.5.4                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxrender           0.9.12               hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxt                1.3.1                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xorg-libxtst              1.2.5                hb9d3cd8_3    conda-forge
xorg-libxxf86vm           1.1.6                hb9d3cd8_0    conda-forge
xyzservices               2025.1.0           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
yaml                      0.2.5                h7f98852_2    conda-forge
yaml-cpp                  0.8.0                h59595ed_0    conda-forge
yarl                      1.18.3          py312h178313f_1    conda-forge
zeromq                    4.3.5                h3b0a872_7    conda-forge
zict                      3.0.0              pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
zipp                      3.21.0             pyhd8ed1ab_1    conda-forge
zlib                      1.3.1                hb9d3cd8_2    conda-forge
zstandard                 0.23.0          py312hef9b889_1    conda-forge
zstd                      1.5.6                ha6fb4c9_0    conda-forge
$ conda list | grep -E "rasterio|xarray|gdal"
cf_xarray                 0.10.0             pyhd8ed1ab_2    conda-forge
libgdal-core              3.10.2               h3359108_0    conda-forge
rasterio                  1.4.3           py312h8cae83d_0    conda-forge
rioxarray                 0.18.2             pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge
xarray                    2025.1.2           pyhd8ed1ab_0    conda-forge


Details about conda and system ( conda info ):
Details
$ conda info
     active environment : pyVPRM3
    active env location : /home/timh/mambaforge/envs/pyVPRM3
            shell level : 2
       user config file : /home/timh/.condarc
 populated config files : /home/timh/mambaforge/.condarc
          conda version : 24.9.0
    conda-build version : 24.5.1
         python version : 3.9.16.final.0
                 solver : libmamba (default)
       virtual packages : __archspec=1=cascadelake
                          __conda=24.9.0=0
                          __glibc=2.28=0
                          __linux=4.18.0=0
                          __unix=0=0
       base environment : /home/timh/mambaforge  (writable)
      conda av data dir : /home/timh/mambaforge/etc/conda
  conda av metadata url : None
           channel URLs : https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/linux-64
                          https://conda.anaconda.org/conda-forge/noarch
          package cache : /home/timh/mambaforge/pkgs
                          /home/timh/.conda/pkgs
       envs directories : /home/timh/mambaforge/envs
                          /home/timh/.conda/envs
               platform : linux-64
             user-agent : conda/24.9.0 requests/2.31.0 CPython/3.9.16 Linux/4.18.0-553.8.1.el8_10.x86_64 rhel/8.10 glibc/2.28 solver/libmamba conda-libmamba-solver/23.11.1 libmambapy/1.5.8
                UID:GID : 3678:3678
             netrc file : None
           offline mode : False

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